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- $Unique_ID{BRK04189}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Rickets, Hypophosphatemic}
- $Subject{Rickets, Hypophosphatemic Familial Hypophosphatemic (Vitamin
- D-Resistant) Rickets X-Linked Hypophosphatemia X-Linked Vitamin D-Resistant
- Rickets Hypophosphatemic D-Resistant Rickets I HPDR I Hereditary Type II
- Hypophosphatemia Hypophosphatemic D-Resistant Rickets II HPDR II Phosphate
- Diabetes Rickets Pseudovitamin D Deficiency Rickets (Vitamin D-Dependent
- Rickets, Type I) Osteomalacia Fanconi's Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1989, 1992 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 417:
- Rickets, Hypophosphatemic
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Hypophosphatemic Rickets)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next
- page to find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders
- covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Familial Hypophosphatemic (Vitamin D-Resistant) Rickets
- X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
- X-Linked Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets
- Hypophosphatemic D-Resistant Rickets I
- HPDR I
- Hereditary Type II Hypophosphatemia
- Hypophosphatemic D-Resistant Rickets II
- HPDR II
- Phosphate Diabetes
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Rickets
- Pseudovitamin D Deficiency Rickets (Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets, Type I)
- Osteomalacia
- Fanconi's Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Hypophosphatemic Rickets is a rare genetic form of Rickets characterized
- by impaired transport of phosphate and diminished Vitamin-D metabolism in the
- kidneys. Additionally, calcium and phosphate are not absorbed properly in
- the intestines which can lead to softening of bones. Major symptoms include
- skeletal changes, weakness and slowed growth. Cases affecting females are
- usually less severe than those affecting males. One rare acquired form of
- this disorder may be associated with a benign tumor.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Symptoms of Hypophosphatemic Rickets are usually first noticed after eighteen
- months of age. Dental problems may develop such as decay and abscesses or
- late eruption of teeth. Abnormalities may include softening or thinning of
- bones, fractures, and/or abnormal bony extensions at the site of muscular
- attachments. Symptoms such as weakness, intermittent muscle cramps, a
- "waddling" walk due to abnormalities in the hip joint, pain in the knees,
- knock knees or bow legs, diminished growth (especially of the legs), and
- abnormal skull or rib development may also occur. Cases of Hypophosphatemic
- Rickets may range from mild to severe. Some cases may have no noticeable
- symptoms while others may be marked by pain and/or stiffness of the back,
- hips and shoulders possibly limiting mobility. In very rare cases, some hair
- loss may occur.
-
- Causes
-
- Hypophosphatemic Rickets is inherited as a dominant X-linked trait. Symptoms
- are caused by altered metabolism of phosphorus, calcium, and Vitamin-D
- although the exact mechanism through which this occurs is not well
- understood.
-
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
- and one from the mother. In X-linked dominant disorders the female with only
- one X chromosome affected will develop the disease. However the affected
- male always has a more severe condition. Sometimes affected males die before
- birth so that only female patients survive.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Hypophosphatemic Rickets may affect males and females in equal numbers,
- although cases affecting males are usually more severe than those affecting
- females.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Several forms of Rickets exist, all of which are characterized primarily by
- weakening of bones due to abnormal calcium metabolism as well as possible
- decreases of other substances in the body. Rickets may be either acquired or
- inherited. Asymptomatic hypophosphatemic adult carriers are almost always
- females.
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to Hypophosphatemic
- Rickets. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Rickets is due to a vitamin-D deficiency resulting in deficient
- calcification of tissue which normally hardens into bone. This condition can
- begin at any time of life and may be successfully treated with large doses of
- vitamin-D.
-
- Pseudovitamin D Deficiency Rickets (Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets, Type I)
- is characterized by more severe skeletal changes and weakness than those of
- Hypophosphatemic Rickets. This disorder is caused by abnormal vitamin D
- metabolism and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. This type of
- rickets often begins earlier than Hypophosphatemic Rickets. Blood levels of
- calcium are severely diminished in patients Vitamin-D Dependent Rickets,
- although phosphate levels appear normal or only slightly deficient. Amino
- acids become lost in the urine due to a kidney dysfunction. Intermittent
- muscle cramps may occur. Convulsions and abnormalities of the spine and
- pelvis may also develop.
-
- Osteomalacia is a disorder characterized by a gradual softening and
- bending of the bones. Pain may occur in various degrees of severity.
- Softening occurs because solid bones have failed to form properly (calcify)
- due to lack of Vitamin-D or a kidney dysfunction. This illness is more
- common in women than in men, and often begins during pregnancy. It can exist
- alone or in association with other disorders, such as Hypophosphatemic
- Rickets.
-
- Fanconi's Syndrome is characterized by kidney dysfunction and bone
- abnormalities similar to those of Hypophosphatemic Rickets. Excess amounts
- of phosphate, amino acids (usually bicarbonate), glucose, and uric acid are
- eliminated in the urine. This rare disorder is thought to be inherited
- through a recessive gene. Bone symptoms include rickets in children and
- softening of bones (osteomalacia) in adults. Fanconi's Syndrome may be
- associated with a variety of inherited metabolic disorders such as
- cystinosis, Lowe's Syndrome, a form of Tyrosinemia, hereditary fructose
- intolerance, Wilson's Disease, Galactosemia, and a glycogen storage disorder.
-
- For more information on the above disorders, choose the following words
- as your search terms in the Rare Disease Database: Fanconi, Lowe, fructose
- intolerance, cystinosis, Wilson, galactosemia, and glycogen storage.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Hypophosphatemic Rickets consists of increasing phosphate levels
- as well as vitamin-D. The dosage of vitamin-D is gradually increased until
- bone healing occurs. This treatment must be carefully monitored to prevent
- loss of calcium. Vitamin-D alone decreases loss of phosphate through the
- kidney but does not influence the patient's growth pattern, the level of
- phosphate absorbed in the intestines, nor the kidney dysfunction. Phosphate
- alone may improve absorption of calcium and phosphate in the intestines as
- well as enhance bone healing, but it may not sustain these improvements
- unless vitamin-D is also prescribed. Recent evidence suggests that long-term
- calcium plus phosphate supplements may result in better bone mineralization
- than occurs with vitamin-D plus phosphate therapy. Covering teeth with
- chrome crowns may be successful in preventing spontaneous abscesses. Genetic
- counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families. Those rare
- cases which are caused by tumors rather than heredity can be treated through
- surgical removal of the tumor.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Bone growth abnormalities associated with Hypophosphatemic Rickets can be
- surgically removed in an attempt to prevent further shortening or deformities
- of affected arms or legs. More research is necessary before this procedure
- can be recommended for all but the most severe cases of Hypophosphatemic
- Rickets.
-
- In a study carried out by scientists in Australian children with X-Linked
- Hypophsatemic Rickets using the enzyme calcitriol (1x, 25 dihydroxyvitamin
- D3) and phosphate, a slight increase in height was noted along with the
- development of calcium deposits in the kidneys (nephrocalcinosis). These
- scientists recommend conservative use of calcitriol nd careful observation of
- patients to guard against serious kidney damage. Treatment should be
- discontinued when growth has stopped.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- February 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Hypophosphatemic Rickets, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6344
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- PROPHYLACTIC DENTAL TREATMENT FOR A PATIENT WITH VITAMIN D-RESISTANT RICKETS:
- REPORT OF CASE: G. H. Breen; Asdc J Dent Child (Jan.-Feb. 1986, issue
- 53(1)). Pp. 38-43.
-
- EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND EARLY TREATMENT OF HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC VITAMIN D-
- RESISTANT RICKETS: E. Schaumberger, et al.; Klin Padiatr (Jan.-Feb. 1986,
- issue 198(1)). Pp. 44-48.
-
- TIBIAL BOWING EXACERBATED BY PARTIAL PREMATURE EPIPHYSEAL CLOSURE IN SEX-
- LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS: W.H. McAlister, et al.; Radiology (February
- 1987, issue 162(2)). Pp. 461-463.
-
-